xquery version "3.1";
declare namespace array = "http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/array";

let $array1 := []
let $array2 := array:for-each([], function($i) { lower-case($i) })
let $array3 := array:for-each([], function($i) { $i + 1 })

return (
  empty($array1!?*),
  empty($array2!?*),
  empty($array3!?*),
  empty(
    for $i in 1 to array:size($array1)
    return $array1($i)
  ),
  empty(
    for $i in 1 to array:size($array2)
    return $array2($i)
  ),
  empty(
    for $i in 1 to array:size($array3)
    return $array3($i)
  )
)