Dear Colleagues,

The 6th Conference of the European Survey Research Association (ESRA) is taking place in Reykjavik, Iceland, July 13-17, 2015.

We invite you to submit papers to our session on "Push2Web and Nudge2Web: Combining Mail and Online Survey Modes to Reduce Survey Errors and Survey Cost".

The call for papers closes on *January 15th 2015*.

An abstract of our session appears at the end of this email. Further information on ESRA 2015 is available at http://www.europeansurveyresearch.org/conference

Please do not hesitate to contact us should you have any questions on our session. We are looking forward to seeing you in Reykjavik!

Best regards, Henning, Michael and Tanja

*Push2Web and Nudge2Web* Combining Mail and Online Survey Modes to Reduce Survey Errors and Survey Cost

Convenor Henning Best (University of Wuerzburg) Coordinator 1 Michael Bosnjak (GESIS) Coordinator 2 Tanja Dannwolf (GESIS)

The sharp decline in telephone survey response rates has strongly increased the need for alternative ways for surveying the general public. Web surveys with offline recruiting are a potentially promising option, but at the moment internet use and coverage is still limited. As a possible solution to this problem, Dillman and Colleagues have recently suggested using a sequential mixed-mode design combining mail and web survey modes (see e.g. Messer & Dillman 2011). The key idea is to initially contacting the respondents by mail, ´pushing´ them to the web mode (Push2Web) and finally providing a paper questionnaire as a last resort to avoid unit nonresponse. The type of mode the respondents are expected to participate in is under the control of the researcher. Another conceivable strategy is to leave the mode choice to the respondents, and using various strategies ´nudging´ them to the web mode (Nudge2Web).

While these approaches appear promising, important questions on survey errors and biases (coverage, sampling, nonresponse, measurement) and survey costs, as well as questions of practical survey management remain understudied.

This session is aimed at bringing together pertinent research and recent experiences on combining offline recruitment and mixed-mode (especially mail+web) surveys from Europe, and encourages submissions about the impact of various Push2Web or Nudge2Web strategies on survey errors and costs.